Colonoscopy
The American Cancer Society strongly recommends all adults age 45 or older to begin routine colon cancer screenings. A colonoscopy is an internal examination of the colon (large intestine) and rectum, using a thin, flexible tube with a camera called a colonoscope. The doctor uses a video monitor to look for abnormalities such as ulcers, polyps, tumors or areas of inflammation or bleeding. If any irregularities are found, they can be biopsied to be tested for colorectal cancer or removed.
Colon cancer is cancer of the large intestine (the lower part of the digestive system). Cancer of the colon is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and, if caught early, it’s also one of the most curable. Most cases begin silently, as a polyp that causes few symptoms. Some people are at higher risk and should be screened early. Know the risk factors associated with colon problems:
- Advancing age, i.e., over age 45
- A high-fat diet
- Smoking
- A family (i.e., sibling or parent) or personal history of colorectal cancer
- A history of polyps or growths inside the colon and rectum
- Certain conditions that elevate your risk, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
- Ovarian, endometrial or breast cancer
- Diabetes - People with type II diabetes have a 40 percent increased risk of colon cancer
- Ethnic background - African Americans have the highest number of colorectal cancer cases in the United States
Preparing for a colonoscopy screening begins 24 hours before the test, with a completely liquid diet and a laxative solution administered. Colonoscopy prep is designed to clean the colon for better viewing. Staying well hydrated with juices, gelatin dessert and broth helps make the process more comfortable.
Doctors recommend patients older than age 45 have a colonoscopy as a part of their screening routine every 10 years to check colon health. This outpatient exam is often used to screen for colon cancer or colorectal cancer or to evaluate symptoms such as abdominal pain, change in bowel habits or unexplained weight loss, among other symptoms. A colonoscopy can be completed in less than an hour and is performed under mild sedation to relieve any discomfort.
Colonoscopy can also be used to treat certain diseases, including for the removal of polyps, widening narrowed areas or blockages and addressing bleeding from diverticula or lesions. Specialized procedures, such as laser surgery or cauterizing techniques, may also be performed during a colonoscopy.