Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is an internal examination of the colon (large intestine) and rectum, using a thin, flexible tube with a camera called a colonoscope. The doctor uses a video monitor to look for abnormalities such as ulcers, polyps, tumors or areas of inflammation or bleeding. If any irregularities are found, they can be biopsied to be tested for colorectal cancer or removed.
Doctors recommend patients older than age 45 have a colonoscopy as a part of their screening routine every 10 years to check colon health. This outpatient exam is often used to screen for colon cancer or colorectal cancer or to evaluate symptoms such as abdominal pain, change in bowel habits or unexplained weight loss, among other symptoms. A colonoscopy can be completed in less than an hour and is performed under mild sedation to relieve any discomfort.
Colonoscopy can also be used to treat certain diseases, including removal of polyps, widening narrowed areas or blockages, or addressing bleeding from diverticula or lesions. Specialized procedures, such as laser surgery or cauterizing techniques, may also be performed during a colonoscopy.