Arthritis. Over 54 million adults and 300,000 children suffer from this ailment that causes pain, swelling, stiffness and a decreased range of motion in the body's joints. Though the weather-pain connection is not fully understood, the Arthritis Foundation believes it might be because barometric pressure can expand or contract in tissues and tendons, pulling on the nerves and leading to pain. Others suspect we might stiffen up because inclement weather makes us less likely to get out or get moving. Stay warm, active and take vitamin D to ease your symptoms.

Asthma. One in 13 Americans has asthma. Cooler, dry air and wind can trigger asthma symptoms like shortness of breath and wheezing. This is especially true for people with asthma who like to exercise outdoors. Rain and wind also stir up allergens, which can make asthma worse. This is because cooler weather restricts your airways. Cover your face out in the elements and invest in a humidifier for when you're in the house.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. According to the American Lung Association, 11 million people in the U.S. suffer from COPD. Colder weather and illnesses stress the respiratory system. To ensure airways are clear, work out inside versus outside. If you must go outside, make sure to use your inhaler as directed. Some healthcare experts suggest using it 10 to 15 minutes before leaving the house or exercising.

Psoriasis. This chronic autoimmune condition causes accelerated skin renewal. It leads to scaly, itchy patches of skin commonly on the elbows, knees and scalp. The disease can flare up for two reasons in cooler months—temperature and lack of light. Cool, dry air makes it harder for the skin to retain moisture, leading to inflamed skin, fingernails and joints. Keep skin hydrated with lotion and drink plenty of water. Wear layers outside to protect yourself from the elements.